1. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy uses a concentrated preparation derived from the patient’s own blood. It contains platelets and associated growth factors that may influence tissue healing and inflammation. PRP may be considered for selected tendon, ligament, or early degenerative conditions. Its effectiveness varies by diagnosis, preparation method, and individual patient factors.

2. Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC)

Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC) is a biologic preparation obtained from the patient’s bone marrow and processed before application to a treatment area. It contains a mixture of cells and growth factors. BMAC is being studied and used in selected orthopaedic applications, but suitability depends on the condition and available clinical evidence.

3. Cartilage Regeneration Procedures

Cartilage Regeneration Procedures are designed for selected patients with focal cartilage defects and aim to preserve or restore joint surfaces where appropriate. Treatment options vary according to defect size, location, patient age, activity level, and associated joint problems. A detailed evaluation is necessary before determining whether a cartilage restoration procedure is appropriate.

4. Biological Treatments for Early Arthritis

Biological Treatments for Early Arthritis may be considered in selected patients depending on the joint involved, severity of symptoms, structural damage, and previous treatment. Options such as PRP may have a role in specific situations, but they are not suitable for every patient. Evidence-based assessment helps determine whether biological treatment or another approach is appropriate.